A SiGe Frequency Quadrupler for M-QAM Carrier Recovery
This paper will be presented at the coming SiRF2010 http://www.silicon-rf.org
Abstract: In this paper a frequency quadrupler circuit, integrated with a commercially available SiGe HBT technology (f T /f max ~ 80/90 GHz) is presented. The quadrupler consists of two Gilbert cell mixers stacked as squarers. The measured maximum conversion gain is 0.6 dB for an input level of -9 dBm. The circuit is optimized for M-QAM carrier recovery, and the performance was tested by applying QPSK and 16QAM modulated signals with 4 Gbit/s data rate at the input. Both experimental and simulated results are presented. The fully integrated chip is operated from a single 2.5V DC supply and draws 22.3 mA current.